Products related to MRNA:
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mRNA Vaccines
The formulation and the technological advancements in RNA biology, chemistry, stability, and encapsulated delivery systems that have enabled the development of fully synthetic mRNA vaccines are discussed in this volume.The applications of the mRNA technology is covered, focusing on infectious diseases but also touching on other indications, such as immunotherapies and molecular therapies.Potent and long-lasting immune responses observed in animal models, encouraging data from early human clinical studies, together with the success of two mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines support the use of mRNA-based vaccination as an attractive alternative to conventional vaccine approaches.Consequently, the development progress of the technology, particularly on production, capabilities, and clinical development is reviewed.Topics on safety, regulatory issues, and possible challenges to the mRNA vaccination approach round off this book.Thanks to their high potency, the prospect for generic,low-cost manufacturing processes, and entirely synthetic nature, the future for mRNA vaccines is highly promising.Importantly, mRNA vaccines have the potential to minimize the time between pathogen identification and vaccine release with a huge impact on public health.As the mRNA-based vaccination technology has been progressing rapidly, the book is intended to be an end-to-end review series, covering everything from basic RNA biology and preclinical studies to the manufacturing strategy, clinical development and regulatory approval.It provides established RNA researchers and developers with updates on the latest advancements in the field and allows for a quick but comprehensive overview of this transformative technology, its application, and future potential.
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Trends in mRNA Vaccine Research
The authoritative guide to the revolutionary concept behind the successful Covid-19 vaccines In Trends in mRNA Vaccine Research, a team of distinguished researchers delivers a practical and up-to-date discussion of the biochemical and biomedical foundations of mRNA vaccines.They also explore the manufacturing conditions required for successful vaccine development and review recent progress in a variety of medical fields, including vaccines against pathogens like SARS-CoV-2, HIV, plasmodium, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, as well as anticancer vaccines.Volume highlights include: A historical overview of mRNA vaccine developmentImmune responses to modified or unmodified mRNA vaccinesA description of the different mRNA vaccine platformsLatest data on current mRNA vaccine developments against infectious diseases and cancer Perfect for medicinal chemists, immunologists, and epidemiologists, Trends in mRNA Vaccine Research will also benefit researchers and scientists working in the pharmaceutical industry, as well as cancer researchers with an interest in vaccine development.
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Is the mRNA vaccine safe?
Yes, the mRNA vaccines have been shown to be safe and effective in clinical trials and real-world use. The vaccines have undergone rigorous testing and have been authorized for emergency use by regulatory agencies such as the FDA and the European Medicines Agency. Millions of people have received the mRNA vaccines with only rare and mostly mild side effects reported. The benefits of vaccination in preventing severe illness and death from COVID-19 far outweigh the potential risks.
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How does mRNA maturation occur?
mRNA maturation occurs through a process called RNA processing. This process involves several steps, including capping, splicing, and polyadenylation. First, a 5' cap is added to the beginning of the mRNA molecule to protect it and help it bind to the ribosome. Then, introns (non-coding regions) are removed through a process called splicing, and the remaining exons (coding regions) are joined together. Finally, a poly-A tail is added to the end of the mRNA molecule to help stabilize it and regulate its translation. These steps ensure that the mRNA molecule is properly processed and ready for translation into protein.
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What is mRNA in food?
mRNA in food refers to the presence of messenger RNA molecules that are naturally occurring in the cells of plants and animals that we consume as food. mRNA is a type of RNA that carries genetic information from the DNA in a cell's nucleus to the ribosomes, where it is used to produce proteins. In the context of food, mRNA is not a cause for concern as it is a normal component of the cells in the food we eat and is broken down during digestion without any known harmful effects.
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Is mRNA the same as RNA?
mRNA (messenger RNA) is a type of RNA (ribonucleic acid). RNA is a broad category that includes several types of molecules involved in various cellular processes, including mRNA, tRNA (transfer RNA), and rRNA (ribosomal RNA). mRNA specifically carries the genetic information from the DNA in the cell's nucleus to the ribosomes, where it is used as a template for protein synthesis. Therefore, while mRNA is a type of RNA, not all RNA molecules are mRNA.
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How can DNA be translated into mRNA?
DNA is transcribed into mRNA through a process called transcription. During transcription, the DNA double helix unwinds and an enzyme called RNA polymerase binds to a specific region of the DNA called the promoter. The RNA polymerase then reads the DNA sequence and synthesizes a complementary mRNA strand by adding nucleotides one by one. This process continues until the RNA polymerase reaches a termination signal, at which point the newly synthesized mRNA is released. This mRNA molecule can then be translated into a protein by the ribosomes.
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How can one transcribe DNA into mRNA?
Transcribing DNA into mRNA involves the process of transcription, which takes place in the nucleus of a cell. During transcription, the enzyme RNA polymerase binds to a specific region of the DNA called the promoter and unwinds the DNA double helix. It then uses one strand of the DNA as a template to synthesize a complementary mRNA strand by adding nucleotides according to the base-pairing rules (A with U, T with A, C with G, and G with C). Once the mRNA strand is synthesized, it is processed and then transported out of the nucleus into the cytoplasm for translation into a protein.
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How long is the lifespan of mRNA?
The lifespan of mRNA can vary depending on the specific mRNA molecule and the cellular conditions. In general, the average lifespan of mRNA in a eukaryotic cell is around 10 hours, but some mRNA molecules can be very short-lived, lasting only a few minutes, while others can be more stable and persist for several days. The stability of mRNA is influenced by factors such as the presence of specific sequences in the mRNA molecule, the activity of RNA-binding proteins, and the cellular environment.
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How does the maturation of mRNA occur?
The maturation of mRNA involves several steps. First, the pre-mRNA is processed by removing the non-coding regions, called introns, and joining the coding regions, called exons, through a process called splicing. Then, a 5' cap and a 3' poly-A tail are added to the mRNA to protect it from degradation and facilitate its export from the nucleus. Finally, the mature mRNA is ready to be translated into a protein by the ribosomes in the cytoplasm. This process ensures that only the necessary coding information is present in the mature mRNA for protein synthesis.
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